英語作文是英語學(xué)習(xí)中很重要的一部分，在教學(xué)中也是一大難點，很多教師在英語寫作教學(xué)中也遇到了不少困難，本文是一篇山東教育投稿的論文范文，主要論述了英語作文修改方法略談。
　　【摘 要】本文從筆者的一堂英語作文講評課談起，認為可以從引導(dǎo)學(xué)生修改典型錯誤，修改句子主語、謂語、賓語等幾個角度來修改作文。

　　【關(guān)鍵詞】英語,作文修改,方法

　　一 英語寫作教與學(xué)的困境

　　英語作文的重要性毋庸諱言。作為英語輸出中最難的部分，英語作文常常使許多學(xué)生望而卻步，使他們不想也不敢寫作文，也常常為寫作水平難以提高而苦惱。這其中既包括常常出現(xiàn)的語法錯誤不懂怎么改正，也包括寫不出好的句式來。同時，教師也常常為如何教好作文而焦頭爛額，苦無良策。從教學(xué)實際來看，由于課時緊、任務(wù)重，教師往往忙著趕進度，不能引導(dǎo)學(xué)生和文本形成良性互動，積累、使用學(xué)過的語言，也很少有時間引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對自己的作文進行潤色修改，在改進中提高。作文課的講評，也是一大難題，常用的套路是修改錯誤、欣賞學(xué)生佳作、學(xué)習(xí)范文等。這樣，一節(jié)作文講評課上完后，學(xué)生還是覺得難以寫出更好的句子，常常難以對寫作有新的提高。本文從筆者執(zhí)教的一堂作文講評課談如何引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對自己的作文進行修改，以便從另一個角度提高他們的寫作能力。

　　二 英語作文修改的方法

　　1.修臉刮須

　　修臉刮須即改正錯誤。把學(xué)生的常見錯誤挑出來，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自我改正，這是大部分老師都會做的方法。教師可以更進一步，把這些錯誤進行歸類、延伸，最好能和平時學(xué)生遇到的常見錯誤聯(lián)系起來。如在單元考試和練習(xí)中，語法填詞題和短文改錯常常因為詞形不對等原因而得分率低。教師在作文講評中，要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生注意詞匯使用的正確形式和搭配慣用法。請看我的教學(xué)設(shè)計：

　　這是一份單元考試的寫作題目：談?wù)勈�年后的你是什么樣的，要點：工作、生活、家庭。根據(jù)學(xué)生的作文情況，我進行了以下設(shè)計。

　　Step 1：correct the common mistakes，including

　　第一類：詞性類的錯誤。如：live happy;have a happiness live;my family is happily;my parents are healthily…

　　第二類：搭配類的錯誤。如：travel the world;how will we be like after ten years;devote my spare time into my child…

　　第三類：語法類的錯誤。如：I will working hard to support my family;we will glad to meet each other;ten years later，dreaming of leading a happy life，I watching TV every night with my family，enjoying the sun with my cat every afternoon，taking a walk after supper…

　　第四類：單詞拼寫的錯誤。如：dearm of;have a happy live;leaded a simple life…

　　以上錯誤是學(xué)生常犯的典型錯誤，教師可以進一步延伸，把學(xué)生平時寫作的錯誤挑出來進行分析改進，不斷訓(xùn)練。通過引導(dǎo)學(xué)生改正錯誤并進行一定的歸類講解后，再進行下一步。

　　Step 2：self-correct

　　要學(xué)生自我修改作文中出現(xiàn)的錯誤。為了降低難度，所有學(xué)生作文的錯處我已經(jīng)畫出，學(xué)生只要自己修改即可。

　　然后，我再抽取其中一篇典型錯誤的作文檢查其修改情況并進行展示。從教學(xué)實際來看，大部分的錯誤學(xué)生能自己修改。

　　2.整冠正帽

　　整冠正帽即修改潤色句子的主語。教學(xué)設(shè)計如下：

　　Step 3：improving subject

　　先抽取一份成績中等同學(xué)的作文，修改其錯誤后用PPT展示出來，請同學(xué)們進行評價。

　　I often imagine what my life will be like in the future. I think my life will be very different ten years later. 　　I will be twenty-eight years old at that time. I will have my own family. Probably with a lovely child and my husband will love me.

　　I hope I will work in a computer company. I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues. I will do a good job in what I do.

　　In my spare time，I will continue to take regular exercise，such as swimming，running and various ball games. On my holidays，I will travel around the world.

　　In a word，my life will be much richer and more colorful.

　　這篇作文基本切題，段落也較清晰，但缺點是句式簡單，全是主謂賓的簡單句，而且通篇全是I will…的句型，讓人讀來覺得文采欠缺，單調(diào)乏味。句式簡單重復(fù)，欠缺文采，表達不地道等是學(xué)生作文的通病。

　　我引導(dǎo)學(xué)生注意文章的缺點，然后示范如何對句子的主語進行潤色修改。

　　第一，使用定語從句、后置定語、介詞短語、分詞短語等美化主語。如：

　　I think my life will be very different ten years later.可改為：I’m convinced that my life，much better and richer then，will be very different ten years later.

　　I will be twenty-eight years old at that time.可改為：Twenty-eight years old by then，I will be grown-up both in body and in mind to support a family.

　　I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues.可改為：I，Enjoying my work，will get along well with my colleagues.

　　第二，句子倒置。整篇文章都是相同的句式顯得呆板單調(diào)，可以適當(dāng)?shù)匕延械木涫街械闹髡Z和賓語倒置，使得句式更加靈活。

　　In my spare time，I will continue to take regular exercise，such as swimming，running and various ball games.可改為：Regular exercise，such as swimming，running and various ball games will take up my my spare time.

　　3.圍上腰帶

　　圍上腰帶即改進句子的謂語部分。

　　謂語是句子的靈魂。如果一個句子的謂語寫好了，寫活了，句子就顯得更有活力。就上述那篇學(xué)生習(xí)作來說，短短120字的文章 will be/will do結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)了10次。經(jīng)過修改，可以變得更加有文采、更加豐富多樣，具有表現(xiàn)力。 　　第一，使用同義表達方式。英語中很多詞匯的意思有不止一種表達方式。使用多種表達方式特別是其中更加高級的表達方式能體現(xiàn)寫作者更強的詞匯駕馭能力。如：

　　I think my life will be very different ten years later.可改為：I’m convinced /I firmly believe / I’m in firm belief that my life，much better and richer then，will be very different ten years later.

　　I hope I will work in a computer company.可以改為：Hopefully I will be working in a computer company.

　　第二，使用分詞。如：

　　I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues.可改為：Enjoying my work，I will get along well with my colleagues.

　　4.穿上鞋子

　　穿上鞋子即修改句子的賓語和其他部分。

　　第一，句子擴展。當(dāng)句子顯得簡單短小的時候，可以通過加with 結(jié)構(gòu)、定語從句、不定式等方式把句子寫長。如：

　　In my spare time，I will continue to take regular exercise，such as swimming，running and various ball games. On my holidays，I will travel around the world.可以改為：Regular exercise，such as swimming，running and various ball games takes up my free time，which benefits me both mentally and physically. On my holidays，I will travel around the world to widen my eyes，making me knowledgeable about the world.

　　第二，句子合并。定語從句、狀語從句等都是學(xué)生學(xué)過的語法知識，但從他們的寫作實際看，部分同學(xué)還是不會使用。修改作文時，可以引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析前后句子的邏輯關(guān)系，把幾個句子進行合并，既可以提升句子質(zhì)量，又可以訓(xùn)練他們的語法綜合使用能力。如：

　　I hope I will work in a computer company. I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues. I will do a good job in what I do.可以改為：Hopefully，I will be working in a computer company，where I will be getting along well with my colleagues，enjoying my work.

　　I will be twenty-eight years old at that time. I will have my own family. Probably with a lovely child and my husband will love me. 可以改為：Twenty-eight years old by then，I will be grown-up both in mind and in body to support a family，and I will have my own family with my husband loving me with his heart and soul and a lovely child. 　　這樣，經(jīng)過修改潤色后，文章就成為：

　　I often imagine what my life will be like in the future. I’m convinced that my life，much better and richer，will be very different ten years later.

　　Twenty-eight years old at that time，I will be grown-up both in mind and in body to support a family and I will have my own family with my husband loving me with his heart and soul and probably with a lovely child. We live a simple but happy life of ease.

　　Hopefully I will be working in a computer company，where I will be getting along well with my colleagues，enjoying my work. I will do a good job in whatever I do to make contributions to the company so that the boss will be satisfied with my performance.

　　Regular exercise，such as swimming，running and various ball games will take up my spare time，which benefits me both mentally and physically. On my holidays，I will travel around the world to widen my eyes，making me knowledgeable about the world.

　　In a word，my life will be much fuller and more colorful.

　　Step 4：self-improvement

　　要求學(xué)生對自己的作文重新修改，側(cè)重提升句子質(zhì)量。下面是一位學(xué)生修改后的習(xí)作(文章中的個別錯誤我沒有進行修改)：

　　We all want to grow up happily and healthily. I often image what kind of life I’ll have in ten years in my free time .

　　In ten years，it’s my duty to earn a living to support my family. My parents should be took care of my myself，like what they do. And instead of having an argument with my sister，I’ll get along well with her，as a good grown-up do. 　　In the unknown future，my dream comes true…I become a teacher. When I work at the school，I must not only do what I should do，but also treat my students as if they were my family. Working without looking forward to gaining anything，all problems about working must be overcome.

　　Reading also plays an important role in my life. In my spare time，books always lead me to another wonderful world. And I am always lost in reading，with time rushing by.

　　The future in my mind is so colorful that I can’t help struggling for it . The harder I work now，the better the life will be.

　　根據(jù)教育心理學(xué)，當(dāng)教師為學(xué)生搭建有效的支架之后，就能有效地引導(dǎo)學(xué)生習(xí)得新的語言知識或者技能，這是最近發(fā)展區(qū)理論的意義所在。學(xué)生常常苦于不知如何改正自己作文中的錯誤，不知如何改進自己質(zhì)量不高的習(xí)作。這不僅僅是提供一篇范文或者要求學(xué)生模仿范文就可以解決的。筆者以為，教師就學(xué)生的習(xí)作當(dāng)場示范，教導(dǎo)學(xué)生如何改進自己的習(xí)作，所使用的句子又是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)過或者正在學(xué)習(xí)的，他們就能不斷地琢磨去改進自己的寫作，嘗試使用平時學(xué)過的比較復(fù)雜的難句、長句等。長期堅持，他們的寫作水平就會有新的提升。
　　相關(guān)期刊推薦：《外語教學(xué)與研究》是北京外國語大學(xué)學(xué)報，原名《西方語文》，是由中華人民共和國教育部主管，北京外國語大學(xué)主辦的，是我國外語界第一家學(xué)術(shù)期刊，創(chuàng)辦于1957年6月。國內(nèi)刊號：CN：11-1251/G4、國際刊號：ISSN：1000-0429。

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