中文簡介

認(rèn)知語言學(xué)是語言學(xué)的一個跨學(xué)科分支，它將心理學(xué)和語言學(xué)的知識和研究結(jié)合起來。它描述了語言如何與認(rèn)知相互作用，語言如何形成我們的思想，以及語言的進(jìn)化與隨著時間的推移共同心態(tài)的變化相平行。根據(jù)韋伯斯特的觀點，“認(rèn)知”一詞被定義為“有意識的智力活動（如思考、推理或記憶）”，與之相關(guān)，存在或涉及。韋氏還將語言學(xué)定義為“對人類語言的研究，包括語言的單位、性質(zhì)、結(jié)構(gòu)和修飾”。[2]將這兩個定義結(jié)合起來形成認(rèn)知語言學(xué)，將提供在認(rèn)知語言學(xué)領(lǐng)域中討論的概念和想法的概念。在認(rèn)知語言學(xué)領(lǐng)域中，對概念和經(jīng)驗的分析語言范疇的基礎(chǔ)是最重要的。語言的形式結(jié)構(gòu)不是像是自主的，而是一般概念組織、分類原則、處理機(jī)制以及經(jīng)驗和環(huán)境影響的反映。由于認(rèn)知語言學(xué)將語言視為人類整體認(rèn)知能力的一部分，因此認(rèn)知語言學(xué)所關(guān)注的主題包括：自然語言分類的結(jié)構(gòu)特征（如原型性、系統(tǒng)多義性、認(rèn)知模型、心理意象和概念隱喻）；有趣的語言組織的動作原則（如象似性和自然性）；句法和語義之間的概念接口（如認(rèn)知語法和結(jié)構(gòu)語法所探索的）；所使用語言的經(jīng)驗和語用背景；語言和思想之間的關(guān)系，包括有關(guān)語言和思維的問題。快樂和概念的普遍性。認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的各種形式的結(jié)合是相信語言知識不僅涉及語言的知識，而且涉及語言所介導(dǎo)的世界知識[3]此外，認(rèn)知語言學(xué)認(rèn)為語言既體現(xiàn)了語言，又處于特定的環(huán)境中。

英文簡介

Cognitive linguistics (CL) is an interdisciplinary branch of linguistics, combining knowledge and research from both psychology and linguistics. It describes how language interacts with cognition, how language forms our thoughts, and the evolution of language parallel with the change in the common mindset across time.[1]According to Merriam-Webster, the word "cognitive" is defined as "of, relating to, being, or involving conscious intellectual activity (such as thinking, reasoning, or remembering)". Merriam-Webster also defines linguistics as "the study of human speech including the units, nature, structure, and modification of language".[2] Combining those two definitions together to form cognitive linguistics would provide the notion of the concepts and ideas discussed in the realm of CL. Within CL, the analysis of the conceptual and experiential basis of linguistic categories is of primary importance. The formal structures of language are studied not as if they were autonomous, but as reflections of general conceptual organization, categorization principles, processing mechanisms, and experiential and environmental influences.Since cognitive linguistics sees language as embedded in the overall cognitive capacities of human beings, topics of special interest for cognitive linguistics include: the structural characteristics of natural language categorization (such as prototypicality, systematic polysemy, cognitive models, mental imagery, and conceptual metaphor); the functional principles of linguistic organization (such as iconicity and naturalness); the conceptual interface between syntax and semantics (as explored by cognitive grammar and construction grammar); the experiential and pragmatic background of language-in-use; and the relationship between language and thought, including questions about linguistic relativity and conceptual universals.What holds together the diverse forms of cognitive linguistics is the belief that linguistic knowledge involves not just knowledge of the language, but knowledge of the world as mediated by the language.[3] In addition, cognitive linguistics argues that language is both embodied and situated in a specific environment.